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Download a summary or full version of our INMD report:

• Summary of INMD report (PDF, 304KB)

• Full INMD report (PDF, 587KB)

What we found

As a result of engaging in INMD, all participants took action in relation to ID inclusion, passed on what they had learnt to others, or planned future action.

The kinds of action taken include

• adapting use of imagery to support text

• using large fonts and simple text

• re-checking previous work for ID accessibility

• passing on information at work, or through blogs.

Therefore, INMD succeeded in contributing to the inclusion of people with ID in the world wide web, but mainly for people at the mild end of the ID spectrum.

Participants recognised that adaptations for this audience - such as simple text, nice graphics, simple choices and a clear message - could widen and benefit all audiences. In contrast, accessibility measures for people with severe or profound ID may be intrusive to non-disabled audiences. Consequently, participants acknowledged that it would be less likely that they would attend to these audiences' needs in their future work.

Reception of existing WCAG guidelines was mixed, as participants acknowledged both their value and their limitations. They were widely seen to be complex to understand and implement. It was feared that they may lead to a tick-box culture, and not to genuine accessibility. Nonetheless, the efforts of the WAI have been successful in ensuring that accessibility is a central component of the work of many web professionals.

Other factors that have contributed to this development include

• legislation which builds on the WCAG guidelines

• designers' own passionate commitment to an open and accessible web

• their increasing concern with their own professionalism and a subsequent desire to standardise their work

• changes made to design tools

• evangelising about the benefits of accessibility by web design gurus

But despite the importance attached to accessibility by our participants, barriers to achieving it were also identified. These include

• the attitudes of decision-makers, who may not share participants' commitment to an accessible web

• the nature of the projects they work on

• a lack of understanding of the accessibility needs of ID audiences, and a lack of guidance about how to address these needs, for example within the WCAG guidelines

The diversity of impairments experienced by people with ID, and their subsequent diverse, complex and non-standardised accessibility requirements, communication systems and assistive technologies account for such absences, as does the historical lack of expertise about ID amongst WCAG working groups.

This means that

1. WCAG guidance needs to be exceeded to address ID accessibility needs

2. information about how to do this, and on ID accessibility, needs to be made widely available, for example through the development of an online resource.

Key decision-makers in the web design process - clients, line managers, copy writers, editors - play an important role in ensuring maximum accessibility. In order to achieve inclusive new media design and ID accessibility, it is necessary to engage with these stakeholders of web design in future action research.

The recommendations regarding how to encourage or achieve ID accessible design emerging from INMD are:

• Develop an online resource about ID accessibility: including tips, how-to videos, examples of good practice and of user interaction; information about how to exceed WCAG guidelines; and the facility to build a community of web professionals committed to ID accessibility.

• Engage with intellectually disabled web users: most participants cited user testing as the most beneficial aspect of our workshops. User testing put a human face on the issues discussed with participants, and addressed their lack of understanding about ID audiences and their accessibility needs.

• Engage a diverse range of stakeholders: decision-makers affect accessibility practice. Further research needs to engage with a more diverse range of stakeholders - line managers, copy writers, policy makers - in order to make ID accessibility happen.

• Develop research with people at the severe/profound end of the ID spectrum: people at the severe or profound end of the ID spectrum are more likely to be left out of the web, because accessibility measures which address their needs are more intrusive to non-disabled audiences than measures which address mild ID, or sensory or physical impairment. Therefore further action research is needed to attempt to achieve their digital inclusion.